In its standard configuration, an ICP-MS instrument is equipped with the combination of a pneumatic nebulizer and a spray chamber for sample introduction and hence, solid materials have to be taken into solution prior to analysis. The direct analysis of solid material can however be preferable if the sample of interest is very hard to dissolve, such that an elaborate sample pre-treatment, increasing the risk of analyte losses or contamination, is required. Solid sampling analysis is further characterized by a higher sample throughput, lower sample consumption and improved absolute limits of detection. The direct analysis of solid samples can be accomplished by using laser ablation (LA) as a means of sample introduction.

Schematic representation of an LA-ICP-MS set-up.

Moreover, as the diameter of the laser beam can be varied from < 5 µm to > 100 µm, while the penetration depth per shot is < 1 µm, also spatially resolved analysis – including depth profiling analysis and 2-dimensional elemental mapping can be – can be accomplished. 
 

The activities of the A&MS research group in this context are illustrated in a presentation that provides information on the most recent developments in this field.